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12/28/2016

Pengertian dan Contoh Direct and Indirect speech



- Direct Speech (DS)  : kalimat langsung
- Indirect Speech (IS) : Kalimat tidak langsung

Direct and Indirect Speech dapat dibagi dalam empat bentuk :
1. Command (perintah)
2. Statement (pernyataan)
3. Question (pertanyaan)
4. Question word (pertanyaan yang memakai question word)


1. Command/Request

    * Dalam bentuk perintah positive *
    
Ex :
1. DS : He told me, " go out ! "
     IS : He told me to go out

2. DS : Mother said to Ichsan, " cook rice ! "
     IS : Mother said to Ichsan to cook rice

3. DS : The teacher asked me, " bring dictionary ! "
     IS : The teacher asked me to bring dictionary

4. DS : She asked me " open the door, please ! "
     IS : She asked me to please open the door

5. DS : Rohmah said to Ichsan, " take me, please ! "
     IS : Rohmah said to Ichsan to please take her

    * Dalam bentuk perintah negative*

Ex :
1. DS : Father told me, " don't open the door ! "
     IS : Father told me not to open the door

2. DS : She said to them, " don't eat the food ! "
     IS : She said to them not to eat the food

3. DS : Rohmah said to Ichsan, " don't take me, please ! "
     IS : Rohmah said to Ichsan to please not to take her

Baca : Command and Request

2. Statement
  
Perhatikan :
- Jika main clause (induk kalimat) dalam bentuk past tense maka anak kalimat dalam indirectnya juga dalam bentuk past tense.
- Tapi jika main clause dalam bentuk present  dan future tense maka anak kalimatnya tetap dalam bentuk present tense.
- Kata hubung yang dipakai dalam indirect speech nya adalah " that ".

Ex :
1. DS : Father said to me, " your mother is cooking in the kitchen "
     IS : Father said to me that my mother was cooking in the kitchen

2. DS : They said, " we buy a new house "
     IS : They said that they bought a new house

3. DS : He said, " I will go to singapore "
     IS : He said that he would go to Singapore

4. DS : Mutia said to dani, " I don't love you "
     IS : Mutia said to dani that she didn't love him

5. DS : Suwarni said, " I have studied english at ITGG for two years "
     IS : Suwarni said that she had studied english at ITGG for two years

6. DS : He says, " I am very busy "
     IS : He says that he is very busy


Note :
Hal yang berubah dari direct speech ke indirect speech yaitu sebagai berikut :

1. Perubahan Tenses :
1. Simple Present       >>   Simple Past
2. Present Continous  >>   Past Continous
3. Simple Future         >>   Past Future
4. Simple Past            >>   Past Perfect
5. Present Perfect       >>   Past Perfect
6. Past Perfect           >>    Past Perfect

2. Perubahan Keterangan Waktu :
1. This              >>    That
2. These           >>    Those
3. Here             >>    There
4. Now             >>    Then
5. Today           >>    That Day
6. Yesterday     >>    The Previous Day
7. Last Week    >>    The Previous Week
8. Tomorrow      >>    The Following Day
9. Next Week    >>    The Following Week


3. Question

Ex :
1. DS : The teacher asked, " do you understand this lesson ? "
     IS : The teacher asked me if I understood that lesson

Note :
- If berarti " sekiranya " dan dapat juga diganti dengan " whether " dan berfungsi sebagai kata hubung.
- Jika Direct nya berbentuk kalimat bertanya maka dalam Indirect nya tetap berbentuk positive.

2. DS : Tina said to me, " did you come to my house ? "
     IS : Tina said to me if I had come to her house

3. DS : Susi said to dewi, " are you cooking now ? "
     IS : Susi said to dewi if she was cooking now

4. DS : She asked me, " will you come to my house ? "
     IS : She asked me if I would come to her house

5. DS : He asked me, " have you sent my letter ? "
     IS : He asked me whether I had sent his letter


4. Question Word

Ex :
1. DS : He said to me, " where do you live ? "
     IS : He said to me where I lived

2. DS : Mary asked Jhon, " why do you love me ? "
     IS : Mary asked Jhon why he loved her

3. DS : They asked Ichsan, " when do you come here ? "
     IS : They asked Ichsan when he came there


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